I read some time in the 80s that men are better at remembering exactly when and where they learned something, while women are more likely to "just know it." This fit a popular idea of gendered brain differences, which turn out to be minimal, if they exists at all. As I could usually identify with some precision where I had run across a fact, to the point of remembering where it was on the page, I kept it in my back pocket for a few years, but it eventually went into a trunk in the attic. I did a rough comparison questioning a few people I knew then and found that there did seem to be some male-female difference in remembering the provenance of an idea or fact. I wouldn't bet the farm on it, however.
I think that ability has deteriorated in me over the years. Making up a plausible explanation on the spot, it may be that when we are young our knowledge is more atomised. Facts sit alone in a few folders in a drawer. As we grow older more facts go on each page, more pages go in each folder, each drawer receives more folder, on up to Borges The Library of Babel. The network becomes more important than the folder.
I have found a strong exception to this theory in myself, however, and in two of the subjects I know best. I have noted for years that I care little for chapter and verse in Scripture compared to other Christians, and remember concepts rather than filing system. I can tell from wording whether something is Gospel, Epistle, Wisdom, History, Prophet, etc, aided by how the concepts connect, but which prophet or which epistle I usually have to look up if there are not other contextual clues. As in reading music versus playing by ear, it is better to have both, but people do just fine leaning entirely on one
This is also true from my knowledge of CS Lewis. I can nearly always identify which work of fiction something is from and where in the story it goes, but I often cannot even narrow things down very well if I can't find some cheat clues in the context.* In discussion, I will think of an applicable Lewis phrase but be unable to recall whether it is from Mere Christianity, The Problem of Pain, or The Four Loves. I might narrow it down to being from an essay, but be uncertain whether it is something from God In The Dock, The Weight of Glory, or Of This and Other Worlds. Owen Barfield wrote "what Lewis thought about everything was secretly present in what he thought about anything." The interconnectedness of his thought still astounds me. It is not quite a cylindrical book in my mind, but the dividers are few.
*It is the same with Lord of The Rings. Sometimes I can't remember if something was said by Gandalf or Elrond, Merry or Pippin, but the others are clear.